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GCSE Combined Science · key term
Tiny hair-like structures on the surfaces of some cells that beat to move substances, such as mucus.
Used by AQA and Edexcel
Specification 4.3.1.6 · Paper 1
Revise: Human defence systemsSome cells lining these airways have tiny hair-like structures called cilia. The cilia beat to move the mucus upwards towards the back of the throat, where it can be swallowed. This removes trapped pathogens from the airways rather than leaving them near the lungs.
Paper 1, Paper 2
Short, hair-like projections on the surface of some cells that beat to move material along.
Revise: Cell Structures and Specialised CellsCiliated epithelial cells line parts of the airways, including the trachea and bronchi. Their exposed surfaces have tiny, hair-like projections called cilia.
Microscopic hair-like structures on cells lining the airways that beat to move mucus towards the throat.
Mucus traps pathogens; cilia move the mucus. Do not swap their roles.
Cilia move mucus; the mucus traps particles and microorganisms.
Distinguish physical barriers from chemical defences: mucus traps pathogens and cilia move it, whereas lysozymes and hydrochloric acid act chemically.
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