AQA GCSE Combined Science: Synergy key terms

Likely to break or shatter rather than bend when struck.

A stationary conducting contact that touches a rotating commutator, allowing current to pass between the supply and the coil.

The first fullerene discovered: a spherical molecule containing 60 carbon atoms, with formula $\mathrm{C}_{60}$.

A solution used to maintain a chosen pH during an investigation.

A property of a large collection of atoms, such as hardness or electrical conductivity, rather than of an individual atom.

An insulated container used to investigate energy transfers by measuring temperature changes.

A disease involving uncontrolled cell division that can invade and damage surrounding tissues.

A tiny blood vessel with a wall one cell thick, through which substances are exchanged between blood and surrounding tissues.

An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugars. Carbohydrases digest starch to glucose.

A compound containing carbonate ions, $\mathrm{CO_3^{2-}}$, such as calcium carbonate in limestone.

The capture of carbon dioxide, for example from power stations, followed by storage intended to prevent it entering the atmosphere.

The movement of carbon between living organisms and non-living parts of the environment through processes such as photosynthesis, feeding, respiration and combustion.

A toxic gas, $\mathrm{CO}$, formed during incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels. It binds strongly to haemoglobin, reducing the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen.

A cylindrical fullerene with a very high length-to-diameter ratio.

A part of the environment in which carbon is held, such as the atmosphere, living organisms or limestone.

A substance or agent that can cause cancer.

Disease affecting the heart or blood vessels.

A heterozygous individual who has an allele for a recessive condition without expressing that condition, and can pass the allele to offspring.

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up.

The negative electrode in an electrolysis cell.

A positively charged ion.

A process that explains how a factor causes an outcome, such as how carcinogens in tobacco smoke can cause cancer.

The series of events in which a cell grows, copies its genetic material and divides to produce two new cells.

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for a particular function.

The boundary of a cell that controls which substances enter and leave it.

A watery solution containing dissolved substances, including sugars and other nutrients.

A chemical process that continuously transfers energy in all living cells.