AQA GCSE Combined Science: Synergy key terms

The flow of water and dissolved mineral ions from roots towards leaves through the xylem, driven by water loss from the leaves.

A system that moves substances between exchange surfaces and cells elsewhere in an organism.

A wave whose oscillations are perpendicular to its direction of travel.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone: a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine.

An abnormal mass of cells formed by uncontrolled cell growth and division.

The cloudiness of a liquid caused by suspended particles.

A machine whose blades are turned by moving water, steam or wind. It can drive a generator.

A disorder in which the pancreas produces insufficient insulin, resulting in uncontrolled high blood glucose levels.

A disorder in which body cells do not respond properly to insulin produced by the pancreas, resulting in high blood glucose levels.

Use of a contraceptive method in everyday life, including mistakes such as missed pills or a condom slipping.

Motion in which acceleration remains constant, so velocity changes by equal amounts in equal time intervals.

A magnetic field with the same strength and direction throughout a region.

Motion at constant speed.

Motion at constant speed in a constant direction.

A mixture of indicators that gives different colours across a wide pH range, allowing the approximate pH of a solution to be estimated.

A waste substance produced in the liver from the breakdown of unwanted amino acids and excreted by the kidneys in urine.

Energy transferred in a way that serves the intended purpose of a device or process.

Energy transferred by a system in a way that achieves its intended purpose.

Introducing a vaccine into the body to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against a particular pathogen.

A region containing no matter. Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.

A decision based on the importance someone assigns to different effects, rather than measurement alone.

A structure that prevents backflow, maintaining one-way blood flow.

Differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species.

A quantity with both magnitude and direction. Force is a vector, measured in newtons (N).

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

A blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart.

The speed of an object in a specified direction, measured in m/s.