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GCSE Psychology · key term
Varying the order of conditions across participants to balance the influence of order effects.
Used by AQA and OCR
Paper 1
Revise: Quantitative and Qualitative Research and Experimental DesignsCounterbalancing varies the order of conditions across participants. For two conditions, half complete music followed by silence, while the other half complete silence followed by music.
Varying the order of conditions across participants to balance order effects; for two conditions, half complete A then B and half complete B then A.
Paper 1, Paper 2
Varying the order of conditions across participants to reduce the influence of practice, fatigue or other order effects.
Revise: Daniel et al. (1991): Cerebral Blood Flow in SchizophreniaPlacebo control and double-blind testing reduced expectation effects, while counterbalancing reduced order effects. Together, these features made a drug-related explanation more convincing than it would be in an uncontrolled observation.
A way of controlling order effects by having different participants complete the experimental conditions in different orders.
Counterbalancing spreads order effects across conditions; it does not stop participants becoming practised or tired.
Counterbalancing balances order effects across conditions; it does not stop individual participants becoming tired or improving with practice.
Counterbalancing changes the order of conditions, not whether participants complete both conditions.
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