Mathematics key terms

The result of multiplying a number or quantity by itself, such as $7^2=49$.

The result of multiplying an integer by itself, such as $49=7^2$.

The non-negative number which, when squared, produces a given non-negative number; for example, $\sqrt{49}=7$.

A unit raised to the power two, such as cm² or m², used to measure area.

Information consisting of all three side lengths.

A way of writing a number as $A \times 10^n$, where $1 \le A < 10$ and is an integer.

A calculator key, often labelled EXP or $\times10^x$, used to enter a number multiplied by a power of ten.

An agreed unit used consistently to measure a quantity, such as metres for length, kilograms for mass or seconds for time.

The value supplied before the repeated process begins, usually written as $x_0$.

A scale written in words, such as “1 cm represents 5 km”.

A numerical value calculated from data, such as a proportion, mean, median or range.

An angle measuring $180^\circ$, formed by two opposite rays with a common endpoint.

The standard form of a non-vertical straight-line equation, where $m$ is the gradient and $c$ is the $y$-intercept.

A graph made from all coordinate pairs that satisfy a linear equation; it has a constant gradient.

An inequality using $<$ or $>$, in which the boundary value is not included.

A correlation in which the points lie close to the overall trend.

The variable that stands alone on one side of a formula.

The variable isolated on one side of a formula, such as $v$ in $v=u+at$.

Notation in which a small number or expression written below a letter identifies a term's position, as in $u_4$ or $u_n$.

A set whose every element is also in another specified set.

To replace a variable with a known value in order to evaluate a formula.

Replacing a letter with a number or expression.

Formed by an arc or line segment whose endpoints lie on the two arms of the angle.

An angle is subtended by an arc or chord when its two arms meet the endpoints of that arc or chord.

Notation in which a lower index labels a value's position in a sequence; for example, $x_0$ is the starting value and $x_1$ is the next value.

The result of an addition.

A number that describes an aspect of a data set, such as its typical value or spread.

Two angles whose sum is $180^\circ$; they have the same sine value.

An irrational root written exactly, such as $\sqrt2$ or $\sqrt[3]{5}$. A root such as is not a surd because it is rational.

The complete outside boundary of a 3D shape; it may contain flat and curved parts.