History key terms

The peace terms issued on 31 October 1266, allowing rebels to recover confiscated lands by paying substantial fines.

The Spanish governor of Cuba who attempted to remove Cortés from command of the expedition to Mexico.

A wartime campaign encouraging people to grow food in gardens, allotments and public spaces to supplement supplies.

Radicals also called True Levellers who sought communal ownership of land and established communities cultivating common and waste land, including Gerrard Winstanley’s settlement in Surrey in 1649.

A dictated settlement imposed without meaningful negotiation by the country required to accept it; Germans used this term for the Treaty of Versailles.

A practice in China through which a child could take over a parent’s job when the parent retired.

The ‘Divine Faith’, introduced by Akbar in 1582 to bring together selected religious and ethical teachings from different traditions.

An area of the Church administered by a bishop.

An Athenian festival in honour of Dionysus.

The conduct of relations between countries through discussion and negotiation, including agreements and treaties.

A temple layout with two rows of columns surrounding the central building.

Action that directly challenges an injustice, such as occupying a segregated facility, rather than relying only on petitions or court cases.

A system in which eligible citizens debate and vote on decisions themselves rather than choosing representatives to make all decisions for them.

The use of a country’s own armed forces in another country’s conflict. In 1585, Elizabeth sent English troops to support the Dutch rebels against Spain.

A silver coin minted in the Islamic world and widely used in Viking trade.

The reduction of weapons and armed forces.

Treating someone unfairly because of a characteristic such as their sex.

The removal or denial of a person’s ability to vote.

An agreement separating opposing military forces to reduce the risk of renewed fighting. It is not necessarily a final peace treaty.

The removal or denial of a person’s right to vote.

Withdrawing investments from a country or its businesses to exert economic and political pressure.

A person forced to leave their home by events such as war or persecution; after the Second World War, many displaced Europeans could not safely return home.

The money available to a person or household after paying taxes.

The loss of land or possessions, especially when people are forced from land by others.

Cutting open a dead body to examine its internal structures.

Opposition to the policies or authority of a government.

A person who challenges or criticises the political system under which they live.

Henry VIII’s closure of monasteries and nunneries and the seizure of their land and wealth by the Crown.

The geographical pattern of where something is located, including concentrations and gaps.

A lack of agreement or cooperation within a group, such as rivalry between commanders over control of captured towns.