Exile

Edward briefly drove Godwin and his sons into exile in 1051, but their return in 1052 restored their power.

Some opponents were driven into exile; others left voluntarily. The philosopher Pythagoras was among those who left Samos, but this should not be treated as proof that Polycrates directly banished him.

Some leaders went into exile; others remained in South Africa and organised underground. State repression therefore weakened resistance while also encouraging a change in its methods.

By the end of the year, Æthelred had sent his family to Normandy and followed them into exile. Svein was acknowledged as king of England. His conquest had combined military pressure with the willingness of English nobles to abandon their existing king.