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GCSE History · key term
A toxic herbicide used by US forces to destroy vegetation in Vietnam, with lasting environmental and health consequences.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Paper 1
A chemical herbicide sprayed by US forces to destroy vegetation and crops in Vietnam; its use caused lasting environmental damage and serious health effects.
Revise: Nixon’s WarUnder Nixon, the United States continued Operation Ranch Hand, which involved spraying chemicals such as Agent Orange over vegetation and crops.
Paper 3
A herbicide used by American forces in Vietnam to destroy vegetation and remove the Vietcong’s cover.
Revise: Nature of ConflictHerbicides, including Agent Orange and Agent Blue, were used to destroy vegetation. Under Operation Ranch Hand, 1962–71, American aircraft sprayed jungles and crops in South Vietnam. Destroying jungle growth aimed to expose concealed Vietcong fighters; destroying crops aimed to deprive them of food.
Paper 1
A herbicide sprayed by US forces to destroy vegetation that concealed Vietcong fighters.
Revise: The Vietnam War: Origins and TacticsOperation Ranch Hand, which ran from 1962 to 1971, involved spraying chemicals such as Agent Orange and Agent Blue over vegetation and crops. The aim was to remove the jungle cover that hid Vietcong fighters and destroy crops that fed them.
Keep napalm and Agent Orange separate: napalm burned targets; Agent Orange destroyed vegetation.
Keep napalm and Agent Orange distinct: napalm burned targets; Agent Orange was a herbicide used to destroy vegetation.
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