Geography key terms

Selecting samples by chance so that each eligible person or location has an equal chance of selection.

The difference between the greatest and smallest values in a dataset.

The change in a quantity over a specified time interval, often expressed per year or per decade.

How quickly the proportion of a population living in urban areas changes over time.

A comparison of quantities expressed in a specified order, such as $2:3$.

A period of declining economic activity, usually accompanied by reduced spending and production.

A ridge of glacial debris deposited during a pause in the retreat of a glacier's snout.

The replenishment of groundwater as water soaks into the ground.

Wastewater that has been treated so that it can be reused.

An energy resource whose materials can be reused or regrown. In this Edexcel classification, nuclear fuel and biofuels are recyclable resources.

Processing waste materials so that they can be used to make new products.

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation: a UN strategy that uses financial incentives to encourage forest protection and reduce emissions from forest loss and damage.

Reworking a draft to improve its meaning, organisation or expression.

The improvement of an area through investment in its economy, buildings, infrastructure and community facilities.

Investment intended to improve a region’s economy and opportunities, particularly where it is disadvantaged compared with other regions.

The level and style of language chosen to suit the audience and situation, such as formal or informal language.

Changing how an urban area is perceived, giving it a different image or reputation.

The pressure of water demand on available renewable water supply, commonly measured as the ratio of demand to supply.

The consistency of results when a method is repeated under comparable conditions.

The extent to which an enquiry’s evidence and methods allow its conclusions to be trusted.

A landscape whose main features were formed by processes operating in the past, such as glacial erosion, but which remains after those conditions have changed.

The height and shape of the land surface.

Rainfall produced when moist air is forced to rise over high ground, cools and its water vapour condenses.

Money sent by migrants to people in their country of origin.

An energy resource replenished naturally as it is used, such as sunlight or wind.

An energy resource replenished naturally on a human timescale, such as wind or sunlight.

A resource replenished by natural processes on a human timescale; biological resources can still be depleted if used faster than they are replaced.