Citizenship Studies key terms

Meeting present needs while protecting the environment and resources on which future generations depend.

Fair treatment and equal opportunities, without unjust discrimination.

The principle that everyone is subject to the law and entitled to equal legal protection, regardless of wealth, status or background.

A sense of belonging connected to shared ancestry, history, language or cultural traditions.

A person's ethnic background, associated with shared ancestry, cultural heritage and traditions.

An international agreement protecting human rights in countries belonging to the Council of Europe, including the UK.

The court which hears complaints that states have breached the European Convention on Human Rights, normally after effective domestic remedies have been exhausted.

A political and economic partnership of 27 European countries which cooperate through shared institutions, laws and policies.

A reasoned judgement about strengths, weaknesses and possible improvements, supported by evidence.

Information used to support, challenge or test a claim.

A policy area retained at UK level under Northern Ireland’s devolution settlement, such as defence or immigration. The Assembly cannot legislate on it unless it is transferred through primary legislation.

The part of the state that develops policy and puts laws and decisions into effect. In the UK, it is led by the Prime Minister and ministers.

An organisation within a government department that usually delivers a particular service rather than deciding policy.

The description of the Prime Minister as the leading Cabinet member who is nevertheless expected to work collectively with other ministers.

An electoral system in which each voter chooses one candidate and the candidate receiving the most votes in a constituency wins its seat.

The effect on government finances of taxes and other revenues contributed, compared with the cost of public services and support provided.

An allocated share of the permitted catch of a particular fish stock.

A space or platform where people can communicate, discuss and exchange ideas and opinions.

Presenting an issue in a particular way by selecting which facts, words or images to emphasise.

The legal right to vote in an election.

The ability to think, speak or act without unnecessary interference, within laws that protect other people’s rights.

The freedom to form or join organisations, such as political parties and pressure groups.

The freedom to communicate opinions and ideas, including criticism of the government.

A request to a public authority for recorded information it holds, subject to legal exemptions.

Rules allowing people from participating countries to move between those countries to live and work.

The principle allowing EU citizens to move between EU member states to live and work, subject to the applicable rules.

Media able to report news and express opinions without government censorship or political control, while remaining subject to the law.

An MP who holds a ministerial or opposition spokesperson role and sits on the front benches in the House of Commons.