Key terms & definitions

A manufactured material or product made by chemical processes rather than obtained directly in its final form from nature.

A product manufactured through chemical processes rather than obtained in its final form directly from nature.

The region associated with the Greek woman in Mark 7:24–30; Mark describes her as a Gentile of Syro-Phoenician origin.

Coming from the Phoenician region associated with Syria. Mark uses this description to identify the woman’s origin.

Spartan communal dining groups in which adult male citizens ate together and were required to contribute supplies; the singular is syssition.

The substances and reactions being considered, separated conceptually from their surroundings.

An object or group of objects chosen for an energy analysis.

The object or collection of objects chosen for analysis.

A set of connected parts that work together to perform a function.

A logical, organised method of understanding a problem, designing a solution, implementing it, testing it and evaluating whether it meets the requirements.

Listing every permitted element or outcome in an organised way, without omissions or duplicates.

An error that biases measurements in one direction because of the instrument, environment or method.

An error that shifts measurements consistently away from the true value, usually in the same direction.

An error that shifts measurements consistently away from the true value by a similar amount or proportion.

An error that shifts measurements consistently in one direction.

An ordered method for recording every possible outcome exactly once.

An observation collected using an organised, consistent method, such as recording changes at fixed time intervals.

A structured assessment of relevant research using explicit methods to identify, evaluate and combine its findings.

A sample selected by taking every nth member of a sampling frame.

Selecting samples at regular intervals, such as measuring river depth every 50 cm across a channel.

Taking samples according to a fixed pattern, such as at equal distances along a transect.

Selecting members of a population at regular intervals, usually from a sampling frame after a random starting point.

Selecting every nth member of a sampling frame after a randomly chosen starting point.

Selecting every nth person from a list of the target population.

The stages, processes and impacts included within an assessment.

The dividing line between a system and its surroundings; it determines what is included in the energy account.

A diagram showing the inputs, processes and outputs of a system and how they are linked.

The route of blood from the left side of the heart to the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart.

The circulation carrying blood from the left side of the heart around the body and back to the right side.

The circuit carrying blood from the left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium.