Key terms & definitions

A transformer for which the secondary potential difference is smaller than the primary potential difference.

A transformer that decreases the potential difference between its input and output.

A family formed when a parent with children remarries, bringing a step-parent into the family.

A partner who takes on a parental relationship with their partner’s child from a previous relationship.

A question divided into parts, which can move from factual recall to a more developed explanation.

A question divided into linked parts that move from a short identification to explanation and extended exploration.

A transformer for which the secondary potential difference is greater than the primary potential difference.

A transformer that increases the potential difference between its input and output.

Sound recorded or played using two audio channels, usually left and right.

An oversimplified belief about a whole group of people that ignores differences between individuals.

An oversimplified representation that assigns supposedly fixed characteristics to an entire group of people.

A generalised assumption that members of a group share particular characteristics or behave in the same way.

A simplified, repeated representation of a group, which may reveal social assumptions rather than accurately describe individuals.

A fixed, oversimplified generalisation about the characteristics or behaviour of a group.

An oversimplified belief about the characteristics or behaviour of a group of people.

A fixed, overgeneralised and often distorted view of a group’s characteristics.

An oversimplified, recognisable representation that attributes particular characteristics to a social group.

A simplified, generalised image of a person or group that overlooks individual differences.

Free from living microorganisms.

The destruction of microorganisms on an object, for example by treating surgical instruments with heat or steam.

Surgery that prevents sperm and egg from meeting by blocking the sperm ducts or the oviducts.

Treatment that kills microorganisms in water, for example using chlorine, ozone or ultraviolet light.

Removal or destruction of microorganisms so that equipment is safe to use.

Surgery intended to permanently prevent reproduction by blocking or cutting reproductive ducts.

A procedure intended to permanently prevent a person from reproducing.

A heat treatment that makes food free from microorganisms capable of growing under its intended storage conditions. In-container sterilisation of milk involves heating it in its sealed container.

A muscle at the side of the neck that helps expand the chest during inspiration in exercise.

The breastbone at the front and centre of the chest.

An official responsible for managing a lord’s household or estates.

A servant responsible for managing a household and supervising its affairs; Malvolio holds this position in Olivia's household.