Key terms & definitions

A Catholic instruction on sacred music issued in 1967, addressing music’s place in worship, congregational participation and the preservation of the Church’s musical heritage.

A venue for popular live entertainment which developed from performances in taverns and their music rooms.

A firearm carried by an individual soldier, usually loaded through the muzzle in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

An infantry soldier armed with a musket, a long-barrelled gun loaded through its muzzle.

An action recommended under Islamic law: performing it brings reward, but omitting it does not bring punishment.

An assembly of men for military inspection, including checks on their readiness and equipment.

The condition of being subject to change; in Frankenstein, it includes the instability of feelings and circumstances.

A random change in the DNA of an organism that can produce a new genetic variant.

A change in the genetic material of a cell.

A change in genetic material that can produce a new inherited characteristic.

A refusal by soldiers or sailors to obey their officers.

A small group of farming households that shared labour and resources, such as tools and animals, while retaining private ownership.

The transfer of an electrical effect between separate circuits when a changing current in one circuit produces a changing magnetic field that induces a potential difference in the other.

A relationship between two organisms in which both benefit.

An interaction between two different species in which both organisms benefit.

A relationship between two species in which both benefit.

A relationship in which affection, trust and support are exchanged by both people.

The prospect that a nuclear attack would provoke retaliation capable of devastating both opposing sides.

A situation in which opposing nuclear powers could destroy one another through attack and retaliation, intended to discourage either from attacking first.

The situation in which both sides can inflict devastating nuclear retaliation, meaning that a nuclear attack risks the destruction of the attacker as well.

Events that cannot both happen in the same trial.

Events that cannot both occur in the same trial.

Events that cannot both occur in the same trial.

Meeting or acting at an angle of 90°.

Acceptance by each side of the other’s status or rights. In 1993, Israel accepted the PLO as the Palestinians’ representative, while the PLO recognised Israel’s right to exist in peace.

Treating one another with consideration and recognising one another's dignity, feelings and rights, despite differences.

Serving one another and putting one another's needs before one's own. Egalitarian Christians understand this as a reciprocal responsibility of husbands and wives.

Listening to and learning about one another’s views, cultures and experiences so that people can live and work together respectfully.

A collection of reports about Islamic teachings and practices compiled by Imam Malik, including Abu Bakr’s instructions restricting conduct in war.

The Late Bronze Age civilisation of mainland Greece, named after Mycenae; its major palaces were centres of administration, production, military organisation and religion.