Key terms & definitions

A duty based on ideas about right and wrong rather than a legal requirement, such as helping neighbours.

An expectation of how someone should be treated, based on beliefs about right and wrong rather than necessarily on law.

A belief in cooperation, community and social justice, which Priestley expresses through the Inspector’s challenge to selfishness and inequality.

The moral importance given to a being, which affects the rights and protection people believe it should have.

Distress arising when someone follows an order that conflicts with their sense of right and wrong.

Suffering caused by human wrongdoing, such as murder or war.

Moral wickedness or corruption. Lanyon uses the phrase to condemn what Jekyll reveals about his conduct.

A substance used with some dyes to help the colour bind to the textile fibres.

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a religious movement whose followers settled in Utah after experiencing persecution elsewhere in the United States.

Deaths in a population, often expressed as a rate over a stated period.

The proportion of a particular population or group who die during a stated period or from a particular cause.

Pledging land as security for a loan; crusaders could use this to raise money for an expedition.

A long-term loan used to buy property, secured against that property.

A recess in timber into which a matching tenon fits to form a joint.

A connection in which a projecting tongue, the tenon, fits into a matching rectangular hole, the mortise.

Land held by a continuing institution, particularly the Church, rather than an individual who would eventually die. The term means ‘dead hand’.

A picture or pattern made by arranging small pieces of stone, tile or glass, often used to decorate floors.

A design or picture formed from small pieces of material, often used to decorate Roman floors.

An artwork made by arranging small pieces of material, such as glass or stone, into an image.

The agreement between God and the Jewish people associated with Moses at Sinai, in which keeping God’s commandments expresses their covenant responsibilities.

The leader who brought the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and received God’s Law, including the Ten Commandments.

A Muslim place of worship, also called a masjid, used especially for prayer and often for education and community activities.

The leftmost bit in a binary pattern. In an 8-bit unsigned number its place value is 128; in an 8-bit two’s complement number its place value is −128.

A Nazi award honouring eligible mothers of large families, with bronze, silver and gold levels according to the number of children.

A recurring image or idea that helps develop a work’s meaning, such as light in Agard’s celebration of neglected historical figures.

An image, object or idea that recurs through a text and helps develop its meaning.

A recurring element that develops a meaning or theme within a media product.

A recurring visual or sound element that develops meaning through repetition.

A monocular depth cue in which nearby objects appear to move faster or further across the visual field than distant objects when the observer moves.

A reason behind a character’s action or decision.