Key terms & definitions

A body that heard applications for exemption from compulsory military service and decided whether to grant them.

An armed organisation outside the regular armed forces, often connected to a political, religious or local leader.

A reserve military force raised for service within Britain, including defence against invasion.

Parliament’s measure of March 1642 claiming control over militia commanders, enforced despite Charles I withholding royal assent.

Eight international development goals adopted in 2000, with a 2015 deadline, addressing poverty, education, gender equality, health, environmental sustainability and global partnership.

A thousandth of a unit, equal to $10^{-3}$ of that unit.

A unit of length equal to $10^{-3}$ metres. Its symbol is mm.

A unit equal to one thousandth of a metre: $1\text{ mm}=10^{-3}\text{ m}$.

A machining process that removes material from a workpiece using a rotating cutter with several cutting edges.

The grinding of cereal grains to produce flour, with cleaning and sifting used to remove impurities and separate material.

A Roman performance form that could combine speech, movement and comic sketches, usually without masks and with both male and female performers.

An adaptation in which a plant resembles something else and so can trick animals into avoiding it.

A raised platform or pulpit from which a preacher delivers a sermon in a mosque.

The regular Jewish afternoon prayer service.

Awareness of present experience, such as breathing, bodily sensations or thoughts.

A meditation technique in which a person attends to the sensations of breathing and returns attention to the breath when distracted.

Self-discipline over thoughts, desires and impulses, rather than allowing them to control behaviour.

A causally connected sequence of changing moments of awareness, understood in Tibetan Buddhism to continue across lives without being a permanent soul.

A nutrient needed to maintain the efficient working of body systems and general health.

An inorganic nutrient needed in small amounts for functions such as building bones, carrying oxygen and controlling fluid balance.

Removing useful minerals from the ground for processing or sale.

A dissolved, electrically charged particle needed as a nutrient for healthy growth and normal cell functions.

A dissolved mineral nutrient that plants can absorb through their roots and use for growth.

Electrically charged particles dissolved in soil water that plants require for healthy growth, such as nitrate and magnesium ions.

A process in which parts of a dead organism are replaced by minerals as they decay, preserving their shape.

The skeletal function of holding minerals, including calcium and phosphorus, which can be released when the body needs them.

Reducing the size of components or systems while retaining the functions required of them.

The smallest acceptable measurement for a component.

The smallest amount of material that a supplier will accept an order for.

The least value a function actually reaches over the domain being considered.