Key terms & definitions

The study of motion using quantities such as distance, time, speed and acceleration.

The energy a particle has because it is moving or vibrating.

The energy an object has because it is moving.

Energy stored by a moving object. It depends on its mass and the square of its speed: $E_k = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$.

Energy that an object has because it is moving.

Energy stored by an object because it is moving.

Energy stored by a moving object.

An energy-storage system that uses electricity to pump water to a higher reservoir, then releases it downhill through turbines to generate electricity when needed.

The energy store of a moving object.

The energy store associated with an object's motion.

A model that describes matter as particles in constant motion and explains its properties through their movement and arrangement.

Qualities suitable for a king, including justice, truthfulness, self-control, generosity, mercy and courage.

A major group in biological classification, below domain in the three-domain system.

God’s rule or reign. Christians understand Jesus’ invitation as calling people into a life shaped by God’s rule.

A territory governed by a monarch. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Latin Christian state established following the crusaders’ capture of Jerusalem in 1099; its first ruler, Godfrey, is distinguished from its later crowned kings.

A principle associated with God’s rule, such as love, humility, service, justice, peace or reconciliation.

The North American part of the War of the Austrian Succession, fought between Britain and France and their allies in 1744–48.

A claim to supreme rule over Asia, demanded by Alexander following his victory over Darius III at Issus in 333 BC.

A title used in Pilate’s questioning of Jesus which could suggest a rival ruler and therefore a challenge to Roman authority.

Scrofula, a disease traditionally believed to be curable by a monarch’s touch. In Macbeth, Edward’s reported healing power represents holy, beneficial kingship.

The position and authority of a king, including his duties, rights and the ceremonies associated with his rule.

The qualities, responsibilities and authority associated with being a king.

The king’s responsibility to maintain order and protect his subjects through the law.

Family relationships, which could encourage people to join relatives on crusade and provide mutual support.

The network of social relationships based on blood ties, marriage or adoption.

Connections between relatives beyond the immediate family, through which people may exchange care, practical help and emotional support.

A skullcap worn by many Jews, particularly men, as a sign of respect for God.

Earning a living through honest and ethical work.

The Sikh teaching that a person should earn an honest living rather than gain wealth through deception or exploitation.

The Sikh teaching of earning a living through honest work and fair dealings.