Key terms & definitions

One of the five changing aspects of human existence: form, feeling, perception, mental formations and consciousness. Khandha means a ‘heap’ or aggregate; skandha is an alternative spelling.

A Buddhist discourse in which the Buddha identifies the five aggregates and distinguishes them from the five clinging-aggregates.

A collection of short Buddhist texts containing basic teachings and training rules, including the rule to refrain from taking life.

A one-fifth contribution practised by Shi’a Muslims, shared between charitable purposes and religious leaders.

A sermon delivered as part of the Friday congregational service, reminding Muslims of their faith and duties.

A type of commune, usually found in Israel, whose members live communally and share resources, valuing equality and community.

A binary file-size unit equal to 1024 bytes; abbreviated KiB.

A blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify Shabbat or a festival.

The sanctification or betrothal stage of a Jewish marriage ceremony; the word expresses the idea of making holy.

One of two organs that filter blood and produce urine.

A treatment that uses a machine to remove waste substances and excess water from a person's blood when their kidneys cannot do so sufficiently.

A condition in which the kidneys cannot remove enough urea or regulate water and ion levels effectively.

Organs that filter the blood and regulate water loss by varying how much water is returned to the blood and how much leaves in urine.

An operation in which a healthy kidney from a donor is placed in a person whose kidneys have failed.

The state ruled by Rus princes from Kiev, also called Kyiv, which developed through the expansion and consolidation of their power.

A facility established primarily for mass murder, including through poison gas.

Drying timber in a heated chamber under controlled conditions.

A unit of data equal to 1,000 bytes, written kB. The prefix kilo means $10^3$.

A unit of data equal to 1,000 bytes using the decimal convention.

A unit of energy, abbreviated to kcal. Food labels commonly use kcal and kilojoules (kJ) to show energy content.

A unit used to express the energy supplied by food and the energy used by the body, often called a calorie in everyday language.

The energy transferred by a device operating at a power of one kilowatt for one hour. $1\text{ kWh} = 3.6\times10^6\text{ J}$.

A unit of energy equal to the energy transferred by a power of 1 kW sustained for 1 hour. $1\text{ kWh}=3.6\times10^6\text{ J}$.

A unit of energy equal to the energy transferred by a 1 kW appliance operating for one hour.

A Buddhist discourse on right conduct that stresses careful listening, learning, understanding and practising the Dhamma.

A relative, such as a parent, sibling, grandparent, aunt or uncle.

Awareness of the position and movement of the body: the ‘feel’ of a movement.

The sense of how the body is positioned and moving: the ‘feel’ of a skill.

The Nazi slogan meaning children, kitchen and church, expressing their ideal of women concentrating on motherhood, domestic work and traditional family life.

The organised evacuation of around 10,000 mainly Jewish children to Britain in 1938–39, without their parents.