Key terms & definitions

A traditional form of chant associated with the Roman Catholic liturgy, usually setting Latin sacred words to a single, unaccompanied melodic line.

Relatively lightly contaminated wastewater that can be reused for suitable non-drinking purposes, such as flushing toilets.

Wastewater from activities such as washing and bathing, rather than from toilets, which can be reused for suitable purposes after appropriate treatment.

A framework of horizontal and vertical guidelines used to position and align text and images in a design.

Paper printed with a pattern, such as squares, dots or an isometric grid, to guide drawings, graphs or layouts.

A coordinate reference that identifies a grid square or a position within it: four figures identify a square, while six figures locate a point more precisely.

A complaint that a worker raises with their employer about a workplace problem.

The householder stage of life, associated with marriage, family responsibilities and supporting others.

The householder stage of Hindu life, traditionally involving marriage, raising children and fulfilling family responsibilities as part of spiritual practice.

A dry-heat cooking method in which food is exposed to a strong heat source, usually above or below it.

The ability of tyres to exert frictional forces on the road without sliding.

A handheld instrument used to measure grip strength.

The number describing the fineness of an abrasive paper: lower numbers are coarser and higher numbers are finer.

A channel cut into a material, for example to locate a panel in a cabinet.

Hitler’s aim of creating a ‘Greater Germany’ by bringing German-speaking peoples together within one German state.

The total value of goods and services produced within a country over a given period, usually a year.

The total value of goods and services produced within a country during a specified period.

The total income received by a country’s residents and businesses, including income from overseas.

Sales revenue minus the cost of sales, before other operating expenses are deducted.

Gross profit expressed as a percentage of sales revenue: $\frac{\text{gross profit}}{\text{sales revenue}}\times100$.

A skill using large muscle groups to produce big, strong or powerful movements.

The value that producers add to goods and services. It is used to measure the output of an economy or sector.

Audience members who paid for standing places in the open yard around the stage of an outdoor theatre.

A widespread layer of till deposited beneath a glacier as the ice melts.

Water stored beneath the ground in the pores and cracks of soil and rock.

Water stored underground in soil and rocks.

The slow movement of water through permeable rock towards a river or another water body.

The replenishment of an underground water store as water infiltrates the ground.

A vertical column of the periodic table whose elements have related properties. For Groups 1–7, the group number equals the number of outer-shell electrons.

A vertical column of the periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties. In Groups 1–7, the group number gives the number of outer-shell electrons.