Key terms & definitions

Government of a church by bishops.

Long-term memory for personally experienced events, including their circumstances.

A letter; the New Testament epistles give teaching and guidance to Christian communities and individuals.

Writing in the form of letters. Austen inserts letters into her prose narrative to reveal character, communicate events and control when information becomes available.

Writing in the form of letters, addressed by a writer to a recipient; letters may also be collected and published for wider readers.

A narrative told through letters. Letters identify a particular writer and recipient, giving events a personal viewpoint.

The use of letters within a narrative. Letters can reveal a writer’s character, communicate distant events and control when characters and readers receive information.

Repetition of a word or phrase at the ends of successive clauses, sentences or stanzas.

Words commemorating someone who has died, often written on a tomb.

An inscription commemorating someone who has died, often placed on a grave or memorial.

A poem or song celebrating a marriage, often addressing the bride and bridegroom or anticipating their wedding night.

A descriptive word or phrase attached to a person’s name, such as ‘Hector of the gleaming helm’, which emphasises a characteristic or status.

Erythropoietin: a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production.

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: the increased oxygen intake above the normal resting level after strenuous exercise, needed to repay the oxygen debt.

An Athenian public official whose name identified the year and who organised the City Dionysia’s dramatic competition, including selecting playwrights and appointing financial sponsors.

A two-part adhesive in which mixing resin and hardener starts a chemical reaction that causes the adhesive to set.

Giving similar interests the same moral weight, regardless of whose interests they are. This does not necessarily require identical treatment.

The equal worth of every person, meaning that everyone deserves respect rather than being regarded as inferior because of their gender.

The US federal agency established to investigate employment discrimination complaints and enforce equal employment protections.

The principle that people should have equal status, rights or opportunities; campaigns may differ over who should be included.

A statement that two expressions have the same value, written using $=$.

The principle that individuals have equal worth and should not receive superior rights merely because they belong to a particular group. In Animal Farm, this promise is undermined by the pigs’ privileges.

The principle that all people have equal worth and should have equal rights and opportunities.

The principle that people have equal worth and should receive fair treatment without unjust discrimination.

A law protecting people against unlawful discrimination, including in recruitment and employment.

The principle that everyone is subject to the law and entitled to equal legal protection, regardless of wealth, status or background.

People having a fair opportunity to use services, without barriers such as unaffordable costs, unsuitable transport or provision that does not meet their needs.

Having a fair chance to access education, employment and other possibilities for improving one’s life.

A situation in which people have an equal chance to succeed, regardless of their social background.

A situation in which people or groups achieve similar results, such as similar earnings or educational attainment.