Key terms & definitions

A plot assigned to an individual or family. Under the Dawes Act, allotments replaced communal ownership of much reservation land.

One of the different structural forms of an element, produced when its atoms are bonded or arranged differently.

One of two or more different structural forms of the same element.

Different structural forms of the same element, produced when its atoms are bonded or arranged differently.

Extra material or space deliberately provided for a later manufacturing process, such as sewing, trimming or sanding.

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, that has metallic properties.

A mixture of a metal with one or more other elements, which may be metals or non-metals.

A mixture of a metal with one or more other elements, made to obtain useful properties.

Steel containing deliberately added metals to alter its properties for a particular use.

A stadium in which spectator accommodation consists of seats rather than standing terraces.

An indirect reference to another text, story, person or event that adds meaning through the connection.

A reference to another story, person or text that brings additional associations into a passage.

Sediment deposited by a river, including sand, silt and clay.

Belief in resurrection and the return to God after death; one of the five roots of Shi’a Islam.

A title for God emphasising divine power and authority.

The Prophet Muhammad’s ascent through the heavens to meet Allah.

Money, food or other assistance given to people in need.

Money or goods given to people in need.

Giving food, robes, money or other support to monks or the monastic community.

A charitable institution providing accommodation and support for poor people, particularly those unable to support themselves.

The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, used to express that Christ is the beginning and end and is eternal.

Government organisations associated with the New Deal and commonly known by their initials, such as the CCC and TVA.

A label for a man presented as dominant within a group. Beasley uses it to interpret Fletcher’s authority and Andrew’s desire for his approval.

A positively charged particle used to investigate atomic structure in the Geiger–Marsden scattering experiment.

A particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons, represented as $^4_2\text{He}$ or $^4_2\alpha$.

A positively charged particle used to probe atomic structure in the gold-foil scattering experiment.

An investigation in which positively charged alpha particles were directed at thin metal foil and their paths after passing through or being deflected were observed.

An experiment in which alpha particles were directed at thin metal foil and their scattering was observed.

Radiation consisting of helium nuclei, each containing two protons and two neutrons.

Divine decree or predestination: the belief that everything takes place within Allah’s knowledge and will.