Key terms & definitions

A person in a manual occupation whose relatively high earnings allow a comfortable standard of living.

Housing whose cost is within reach of the people it is intended to accommodate.

Planting trees to establish a forest on land that was not recently forested.

Communities of African origin dispersed outside Africa, including those created by forced migration through slavery.

A political movement promoting Afrikaner identity, culture and interests, which provided a major foundation for National Party support.

Existence after physical death; Jewish beliefs differ about what form this takes.

The consequences and changed circumstances that follow a major event.

Support provided after a customer has bought a product, such as help with using it, servicing or repairing it.

An earthquake that follows the main earthquake in the same area and can cause further damage.

A Hindu scripture giving teachings about the divine and guidance for worship, temple rituals and spiritual practice; its authority varies between traditions.

Selfless love that seeks the good of others, including those who do not return that love.

A jelly-like material used to provide a solid surface for growing microorganisms; nutrients can be added to support growth.

A nutrient-containing gel used as a surface on which microorganisms can be cultured.

A solid jelly containing nutrients on which microorganisms can grow.

An imbalance in research that favours a particular age group, potentially making the findings inappropriate for other ages.

A rating indicating the age group for which a media product's content is suitable.

A group of people within a particular age range, such as those aged 0–4.

The way people or observations are spread across different ages or age groups.

A heat treatment that increases the strength and hardness of suitable alloys through solution treatment, quenching and ageing.

A population in which older people form an increasing proportion of the total.

A population in which older people make up an increasing proportion of the total.

A population in which older people make up an increasing proportion of the total.

Prejudice or discrimination based on a person's age.

The capacity to make choices and act independently. Estella’s decisions raise questions about how far upbringing restricts personal freedom.

The capacity to act, make choices or influence events, even within social restrictions.

A person’s capacity to make choices and act, rather than simply have events happen to them.

The capacity to make choices and act on them, even when circumstances restrict the available options.

A group or institution that influences behaviour through socialisation, everyday expectations and social pressure rather than official enforcement of laws or regulations.

An institution or social group that influences behaviour and encourages people to follow rules or expectations.

Milgram’s explanation that people may obey because they see themselves as carrying out an authority figure’s wishes rather than acting independently.