Key terms & definitions

Rules setting out the standards of behaviour expected of councillors.

Using an existing piece of code again, elsewhere in the same program or in another program.

An examination of source code to identify vulnerabilities, poor programming practices and opportunities to improve efficiency.

The Convention for a Democratic South Africa: multiparty negotiations beginning in December 1991 to agree a transition from apartheid to democracy.

Changing between languages or varieties of language according to the audience or situation.

Changing language or behaviour according to the social setting or people present. In The Hate U Give, Starr does this partly to avoid racial stereotyping at school.

A book-like manuscript using pictures and symbols to record information, such as history, tribute obligations and religious traditions. Its plural is codices.

Assigning labels or categories to data so that responses can be organised and compared.

The form in which information is represented in memory, such as sound or meaning.

The part of a gene whose base sequence determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.

The inheritance pattern in which both alleles in a heterozygous genotype are fully expressed in the phenotype.

A group of three bases on mRNA that specifies an amino acid or signals the end of translation.

A large number written before a chemical formula to show how many molecules or formula units take part.

The number placed before a chemical formula in a balanced equation; for a gas, it shows the relative number of molecules of that substance.

A number placed before a chemical formula in an equation that multiplies the whole formula.

The numerical multiplier of a variable; for example, the coefficient of $x$ in $3x$ is $3$.

The simplest whole-number proportions of the reactants and products in a balanced equation.

An autoimmune condition in which eating gluten triggers damage to the lining of the small intestine.

A formal purchase-style legal ceremony through which a woman could enter her husband's manus.

The use of force or threats to make people comply with a decision or policy.

Pressure or threats used to force someone to act. Reducing the rations of animals who refuse Sunday work makes their supposedly voluntary labour coercive.

Using force or pressure to make someone act against their own choice or beliefs.

The use of force or threats to make people comply.

A pattern of behaviour that restricts another person's independence through intimidation, isolation, monitoring or other forms of domination.

An establishment selling coffee where customers could meet, exchange news, discuss ideas and conduct business.

Mental processes involved in acquiring and using information, such as remembering, understanding and thinking.

A psychological therapy that helps a person identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts and change behaviours that maintain their difficulties.

The development of mental abilities, including understanding and reasoning.

A mental representation of an environment that can help an animal navigate using remembered landmarks.

The scientific study of how brain structures and processes relate to cognition, such as memory and thinking, and to behaviour.