OCR GCSE History B key terms

A system for disguising a message by replacing its letters or words with other characters or symbols.

Officials responsible for conducting the royal inquiry in an allocated group of counties, known as a circuit.

To travel all the way around the world.

An enclosed storage chamber used to collect and hold water.

A strongly fortified position within or above a city, which can continue to resist even after the rest of the city has fallen.

A legally recognised status of belonging to a state, carrying particular rights and responsibilities.

A state organised around a city and its surrounding territory, with its own ruler.

Deliberately refusing to obey a law or official requirement as a form of political protest, such as refusing to pay tax.

People who are not members of the armed forces.

Basic freedoms and legal protections, such as freedom of speech and protection against arbitrary imprisonment.

A person with a claim to inherit a throne.

People holding religious offices in the Church, including priests and bishops.

A method of building a wooden boat in which neighbouring hull planks overlap along their edges, helping to strengthen the hull.

A force made up of contingents supplied by different rulers or leaders, whose interests may not always agree.

A government formed by more than one political party.

Actively cooperating with an occupying power or helping it carry out its policies.

Establishing settlements and control over a territory and its inhabitants.

A settlement established by people from another country, intended to remain connected to that country.

A policy or practice excluding people from jobs, accommodation or services because of their race or skin colour.

An association of countries linked historically to the British Empire, including Britain and many independent former colonies.

A supporter of communism, which aims for a classless society with common ownership of the means of production; Germany’s Communist Party was the KPD.

Policing that builds relationships with local people so that officers and communities can work together to prevent crime and address local problems.

Unpaid work carried out by an offender for the benefit of the community as part of a sentence.

A site sufficiently similar in purpose, period or circumstances to make a historical comparison meaningful.

A camp in which civilians are confined under military or government control. During the Boer War, overcrowding and inadequate supplies and sanitation caused widespread suffering and death.

An attempt to settle a dispute by bringing the opposing sides together to negotiate an agreement.

Proposals developed by a cross-party group of MPs in 1910–1912 to grant parliamentary votes to a limited group of women meeting property qualifications.