OCR GCSE Geography B key terms

A settlement built on land that residents occupy without legal permission.

An isolated column of rock standing offshore, left when an arch roof collapses.

A person or group with an interest in, or affected by, a decision or project.

The age at which a person becomes eligible to receive the State Pension; it is not necessarily the age at which they stop working.

Water flowing down plant branches and trunks towards the ground.

Dividing a population into relevant groups and sampling within each group.

A shift in an economy’s activities and employment towards more productive sectors, such as manufacturing and modern services.

The process in which one tectonic plate descends beneath another into the mantle.

The sinking or settling of the ground surface, which can occur when groundwater is removed.

Farming mainly to provide food for the farmer’s household rather than to sell for profit.

The outward movement of people and development from central urban areas to the suburbs.

A dark patch visible on the Sun's surface. Changes in sunspot numbers indicate changes in solar activity.

Water flowing over the ground surface towards streams and rivers rather than soaking into the soil.

The transport of fine sediment held within moving water.

The ability to maintain benefits over the long term while protecting the environment, remaining economically viable and supporting people's wellbeing.

Development that meets people’s needs now without damaging the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Managing the use of an environment so that present needs can be met while protecting its ecosystems and resources for future generations.

Tourism managed to reduce environmental damage and support local people and their economy over the long term.

The movement of water up a beach after a wave breaks.

Selecting observations at regular intervals, such as every 20 metres along a transect.

An event caused by movement of the Earth's crust that threatens people, property or livelihoods.

A rigid section of the Earth’s outer layer, made up of the crust and the uppermost mantle, which moves slowly relative to other plates.

The difference between a measured temperature and a stated reference-period average.

Economic activities that provide services, such as retail, healthcare, education and banking.

A map showing the spatial distribution of a particular subject, such as rainfall, population density or transport connections.

An increase in the volume of a substance as its temperature rises. Warming seawater expands, contributing to sea level rise.

A sequence of measurements taken at different dates, used to investigate change over time.