Eduqas GCSE Mathematics key terms

The power attached to a base. For a positive whole-number index, it tells you how many copies of the base are multiplied together: $x^3=x\times x\times x$.

A statement comparing values using $<$, $>$, $\leq$ or $\geq$, rather than asserting equality.

Symbols used to compare values: $<$ means less than, while $\leq$ means less than or equal to.

A conclusion or estimate about a population made using information from a sample.

The value put into a function.

The rate at which one quantity changes with another at a particular point; represented by the gradient of the tangent there.

A number with no fractional part, including negative whole numbers, zero and positive whole numbers.

A point where a graph meets one of the coordinate axes.

An angle inside a polygon between two adjacent sides.

Estimating a value within the range of the observed data.

The upper quartile minus the lower quartile: $\mathrm{IQR}=Q_3-Q_1$. It measures the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

The event that both $A$ and $B$ occur, written $A\cap B$. On a Venn diagram it is the overlap of the two sets.

A numerical method that repeatedly halves an interval and retains the half containing a sign change.

A property that remains unchanged after a transformation or combination of transformations.

A line that maps onto itself. Its individual points need not all stay fixed, although every point on a mirror line stays fixed under reflection in that line.

A point that maps to itself: its final coordinates are the same as its original coordinates.

A function that reverses another function's process, taking its output back to the original input.

An operation that undoes another operation, such as subtraction undoing addition or division undoing multiplication by a non-zero number.

A relationship in which the product of two quantities is constant: $xy=k$, or $y=\frac{k}{x}$.

A calculator operation that finds an angle from its sine or cosine value, written $\sin^{-1}$ or $\cos^{-1}$.

A number that cannot be written as a fraction of two integers. Its decimal expansion continues forever without repeating.

A drawing that represents a three-dimensional object using three directions to show its width, depth and height.

A triangle with two equal sides. The angles opposite those sides are called its base angles.

A process in which the same rule is applied repeatedly, with each output used as the next input.

A rule that calculates the next estimate from the current estimate, usually written $x_{n+1}=g(x_n)$.

A quadrilateral with two pairs of equal adjacent sides.

A question whose wording encourages a particular answer.