Eduqas GCSE History key terms

The movement of people from areas of danger to safer places.

Exclusion from the Church’s communion. In medieval society, this religious penalty could also undermine a ruler’s political support.

A policy of extending a state’s territory or control beyond its existing boundaries.

Goods or services sold to other countries.

A camp established primarily to carry out mass murder, particularly of Jews.

Obtaining money or another benefit through threats or intimidation.

A group competing for influence and power within a larger organisation, such as the Royal Court.

A year in which the festival is not held, allowing the farmland to recover and providing time for improvements and a break for staff and the local community.

A severe shortage of food affecting a population.

A hooped support worn beneath a skirt to give it a wide, structured shape.

Deliberately going without food for a period, often as a religious act of repentance or devotion.

A dynasty ruling Egypt whose forces controlled Jerusalem when the crusaders attacked it in 1099; it was a rival of the Seljuk Turks.

A religious festival celebrated by a community, often combining worship with festivities.

The national government of the United States, whose authority is separate from that of individual state governments.

A system in which powers are divided between a central government and regional governments.

The belief that women should have equal rights and opportunities, and campaigning to achieve this.

A system in which rulers granted land to nobles in return for loyalty and service, especially the provision of fighting men.

Troops raised through military obligations attached to holding land.

A system in which land was held in return for service and loyalty, including obligations to supply soldiers.

The Nazi term for the programme of systematic murder of Europe's Jews.

A ship set alight and sent towards an enemy fleet to threaten its ships and disrupt its formation.

A ship set alight and sent towards an enemy fleet to spread fire or force ships to move from their positions.

A state economic programme setting production targets over a five-year period, used by Stalin to accelerate industrial development.

A person who whips themselves as an act of religious penance.

The side of an army or military formation, which can be vulnerable to attack.

A young woman associated with the new fashions and social freedoms of the 1920s, including bobbed hair and shorter skirts.

A firearm ignition mechanism in which flint strikes metal to produce a spark that ignites priming gunpowder.