AQA Level 2 Certificate Further Mathematics key terms

Replacing an expression with a new variable to make an equation easier to solve, then using the replacement to find the original unknown.

An angle formed by joining the two endpoints of an arc or chord to another point. The angle is said to be subtended by that arc or chord.

An irrational root written exactly, such as $\sqrt{2}$ or $\sqrt{3}$.

A table of corresponding $x$- and $y$-values used to produce coordinate pairs for plotting a graph.

The ratio $\tan\theta=\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}$, defined when $\cos\theta\ne0$.

A number, variable or product forming one part of an algebraic sum. For example, the signed terms in $3x^2-5x+2$ are $3x^2$, $-5x$ and $2$.

The positive integer $n$ identifying a term's position in a sequence: $1$ for the first term, $2$ for the second, and so on.

A mathematical statement that has been proved and can be used to justify further deductions.

The sum of the areas of all the surfaces forming the outside of a three-dimensional solid, measured in square units.

A matrix that acts on a coordinate column vector to give the coordinates of its image.

A straight line that crosses two or more other lines.

A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides.

An equation involving a trigonometric function of an unknown angle, such as $\sin x=0.5$.

An equality involving trigonometric expressions that is true for every angle for which both sides are defined.

A point where a curve changes from increasing to decreasing or from decreasing to increasing.

A circle with centre $(0,0)$ and radius $1$.

A square with side length 1. The standard unit square used for matrix transformations has vertices $(0,0)$, $(1,0)$, $(1,1)$ and $(0,1)$.

Angles directly opposite one another where two straight lines intersect. They are equal.

The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a solid, measured in cubic units.

The value of $y$ where a graph meets the vertical axis. In $y=mx+c$, it is $c$, and the crossing point is $(0,c)$.

The constant ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter: $\pi=\frac{C}{d}\approx3.14159$.