AQA GCSE Combined Science: Synergy key terms

A device that transfers energy from motion into electrical energy.

A crop plant whose genes have been modified using genetic engineering.

The modification of an organism’s genome to introduce desirable characteristics, for example by transferring a selected gene from another organism.

Changing an organism’s genetic material by altering or removing genes, or inserting genes from another organism.

Differences in inherited genetic information between individuals in a population.

All the genetic material of an organism.

The genetic makeup of an organism; for a particular characteristic, the set of alleles it possesses.

A classification group containing closely related species; its name forms the first part of a binomial name.

An extensive network of atoms joined by covalent bonds, rather than separate small molecules.

A regular, repeating three-dimensional arrangement of oppositely charged ions held together by strong electrostatic attractions in all directions.

A long-term increase in the Earth's mean surface temperature.

A wooden splint whose flame has been extinguished but whose tip remains hot and glowing.

A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose concentration by causing stored glycogen to be converted into glucose and glucose to be released into the blood.

A simple sugar produced by photosynthesis, used in respiration and to make other substances a plant needs.

A storage carbohydrate made from glucose, found in liver and muscle cells.

The change in the vertical-axis quantity divided by the corresponding change in the horizontal-axis quantity: $\text{gradient}=\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}$.

A single layer of graphite, one carbon atom thick.

A form of carbon with layers of hexagonal rings, three covalent bonds per atom and one delocalised electron per atom.

A region around a mass where another mass experiences a gravitational force.

The force of gravity acting on each kilogram of mass at a location, measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg).

Energy stored due to an object's height in a gravitational field, measured relative to a chosen reference level.

The warming of Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere because greenhouse gases absorb outgoing long-wavelength infrared radiation and emit radiation, including towards the surface.

A gas, such as carbon dioxide or methane, that absorbs outgoing infrared radiation and contributes to warming the Earth's surface and atmosphere.

A vertical column in the modern periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties.

One of a pair of specialised cells surrounding a stoma that control its opening by gaining or losing water.

The place where an organism lives.

The restoration of a damaged habitat so that it can support its communities of organisms again.