Strain theory

Merton’s strain theory explains the pressure created when people are encouraged to pursue success but lack access to these approved routes. For example, someone may learn that wealth is a sign of achievement while having limited opportunities to gain the qualifications needed for well-paid work. The ambition remains, but the accepted route towards it is difficult to follow.

Merton’s strain theory connects unequal opportunities with pressure to offend. Although developed in the USA, its explanation can be applied to the UK. People may share goals such as financial success but have unequal access to good education and well-paid employment.