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GCSE History · key term
A route to the Montana goldfields that crossed Sioux hunting grounds in the Powder River country; US attempts to protect it helped cause Red Cloud’s War.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Paper 1
A route to the Montana goldfields through the Powder River Country, an important Lakota hunting area.
Revise: Conflict on the PlainsRed Cloud, a Lakota leader, organised resistance when the Bozeman Trail and military forts threatened the Powder River hunting grounds. Among the Dakota in Minnesota, hardship helped provoke war in 1862, but many people opposed fighting or tried to avoid it.
Paper 2
A route used by prospectors travelling to Montana’s goldfields which crossed Lakota Sioux hunting grounds and became a central cause of Red Cloud’s War.
Revise: Changes for Indigenous PeoplesThe Montana gold rush created a specific dispute over the Bozeman Trail. Prospectors used this route through Lakota Sioux hunting grounds despite the protections established by the first Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851. The issue was not simply dislike of travellers: access to gold was being placed ahead of treaty rights and the protection of hunting grounds.
Paper 3
Revise: Indian WarsProspectors travelled towards the goldfields along the Bozeman Trail, which crossed Sioux hunting grounds in the Powder River country. These lands had been recognised in the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty. Traffic along the trail threatened the Sioux’s access to the land and buffalo on which they depended.
Keep the wars distinct: Little Crow’s War concerned starvation and reservation conditions; Red Cloud’s War concerned the Bozeman Trail; the Great Sioux War concerned the Black Hills and enforced return to reservations.
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