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GCSE History · key term
A formal agreement between political groups or governments, setting out rights and obligations.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Paper 1
A formal agreement between political authorities, such as the US government and representatives of Native American tribes.
Revise: Conflict on the PlainsThe Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 was an attempt to manage these competing interests through negotiation.
A formal agreement between countries.
Distinguish the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 from the treaty of 1868: the first attempted to prevent conflict; the second followed Red Cloud’s successful resistance.
When explaining significance, distinguish immediate effects, such as retaliatory raids, from wider effects, such as declining trust in treaties.
Distinguish the two developments of 1851: the Indian Appropriations Act funded reservations; the first Fort Laramie Treaty agreed territorial boundaries, safe passage and other terms with participating Plains peoples.
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Paper 2
A formal agreement between governments or peoples, setting out commitments each side is expected to keep.
Revise: Conflict and TensionRemoval nevertheless caused resentment because Indigenous communities were losing their existing homes and lands, often through unfair treaties.
Paper 3
A formal agreement between political authorities or nations. Removal treaties transferred Indigenous land to the United States, but some were signed without the consent of most of the people affected.
Revise: Removal of indigenous peopleRemoval was carried out through land-cession treaties, pressure and military force. A treaty might appear to be an agreement, but Indigenous people could face intense coercion, and the people who signed did not always represent their nation. When communities refused to leave, the government could use troops against them.
A formal agreement between political communities or governments, setting out promises and obligations.