GradeGen

Flood management that works with natural river processes and the surrounding environment.

Coastal protection that works with natural processes, for example by maintaining beaches or stabilising sand dunes.

Soft engineering works with natural processes rather than relying mainly on substantial built barriers. It often keeps the coast looking more natural, but still involves intervention, expense and maintenance.

Flood management that works with natural processes or reduces people's exposure and vulnerability to flooding.

Coastal management that works with natural processes rather than mainly relying on built barriers.

Soft engineering works with natural processes. It can maintain a more natural-looking coast, but it is not automatically cheap, permanent or suitable everywhere.

Management that works with natural processes, planning or preparation to reduce flood risk, rather than relying mainly on large defensive structures.

Coastal protection using approaches that work with natural materials or processes, such as beach nourishment and planting vegetation.

Soft engineering includes beach nourishment, planting vegetation and cliff drainage. Nourishment replaces beach material, vegetation helps stabilise sediment, and drainage reduces water build-up in cliffs. These approaches work more closely with natural processes, but they still need upkeep: waves can carry away newly added beach material.

Coastal management that works with natural processes, for example by replacing beach sediment or stabilising coastal slopes.

Flood management that works with natural river and floodplain processes to reduce flood risk or its impacts.

Management that works with natural processes, such as adding beach sediment to absorb wave energy.

Soft engineering

Definition

How each exam board covers it

AQA GCSE Geography · 8035

Revise Geography with GradeGen

Edexcel GCSE Geography A · 1GA0

Edexcel GCSE Geography B · 1GB0

OCR GCSE Geography B · J384