Key terms & definitions

An individual text item, such as a letter, digit, punctuation mark or space.

A character’s development across a text, including changes in behaviour, understanding or values.

The development or change a character undergoes across a narrative.

A numerical value assigned to a character by a character standard.

The way a character changes during a text as events alter their understanding, attitudes or behaviour.

A standard that assigns codes to characters so that text can be represented in binary.

The role a character performs in developing a narrative, such as creating conflict, helping the protagonist or prompting change.

The methods a writer uses to present a character, including description, speech, actions and relationships.

The creation of a character through description, actions, speech, thoughts and relationships.

The ways a writer presents a character through actions, speech, description and other characters’ responses.

To determine the identity, composition, purity or properties of a substance using suitable observations or measurements.

A feature of an organism, such as disease resistance, milk yield or temperament.

A chemical reaction shown by compounds because they contain the same functional group.

The collection of characters available in a character encoding system.

A recurring kind of character with recognisable traits or a familiar role, such as the teenage rebel.

The Sikh ideal of maintaining an optimistic, resilient spirit even during hardship.

The quantity of electric charge transferred, measured in coulombs (C).

The quantity of electrical charge, represented by $Q$ and measured in coulombs (C). In a current calculation, it is the charge passing a point during the stated time.

A particle that carries electric charge through a substance, such as a mobile ion.

The quantity of electrical charge that passes a point or moves through a component, measured in coulombs (C).

The total amount of electric charge passing a point in a circuit during a given time, measured in coulombs (C).

The transfer of electrons between materials when their surfaces are rubbed together.

The transfer of electrons between materials when their surfaces are rubbed together, leaving them electrically charged.

A light, horse-drawn vehicle, usually with two wheels, whose occupants stand on a platform.

A gift of the Holy Spirit given to benefit others and build up the Church.

Describing Christian worship which emphasises the present-day gifts of the Holy Spirit, such as tongues, prophecy and healing.

Authority accepted because followers believe a leader has exceptional personal qualities.

A movement in which Christians within existing denominations, and some independent church networks, practise spiritual gifts associated with Pentecostalism.

An expressive form of Christian worship emphasising the activity and gifts of the Holy Spirit.

Generous help for people in need; in Christian teaching, also love and care for others.