Key terms & definitions

An arrangement authorised by a court to help an eligible witness give evidence, such as a screen, video link or communication support.

A temporary incentive, such as a discount or buy-one-get-one-free deal, intended to encourage purchases.

A direct disclosure of the divine to a particular person or group, for example through a vision or a message received by a prophet.

A school providing education and support for pupils with special educational needs, which may involve learning, communication, physical or social and emotional needs.

A right-angled triangle whose angles and side ratios give standard exact trigonometric values, particularly the $45^\circ$–$45^\circ$–$$ and –– triangles.

The formation of a new species from an existing population.

The evolution of a new species.

The most specific Linnaean rank; it identifies one particular kind of organism.

An atom, ion or molecule taking part in a chemical reaction.

The smallest group in the Linnaean hierarchy, whose organisms share the most characteristics.

The geographical areas in which a species occurs.

The geographical pattern of where a species lives.

How similar the abundances of the different species in a community are.

Giving preference to members of one species simply because they belong to that species, especially favouring humans over other animals.

The number of different species present in a particular area or sample.

The number of different species present in an area.

A feature of a target that states exactly which skill or aspect of sporting performance needs to improve.

A list of the properties or performance requirements that a material or product must meet for a particular use.

A requirement that a design should meet, informed by research and the needs of users and clients.

The particular fitness qualities a performer needs to meet the demands of their sport, such as strength for rugby tackling.

A target that clearly identifies the sport, activity, skill or fitness component to be improved.

The energy transferred when the temperature of 1 g of a substance rises by 1 °C.

The energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius, measured in J/kg °C.

The energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius, measured in J/(kg °C).

The matching of an enzyme's active site to a particular substrate because their shapes are complementary.

A catalyst that increases the rate of one reaction may have little or no effect on another reaction.

Matching training to the demands of the sport and performer, including the fitness components, movements, muscles and energy systems used.

The energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance without changing its temperature, measured in joules per kilogram (J/kg).

The energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance with no change in temperature, measured in J/kg.

The specific latent heat for a change between the solid and liquid states.