Key terms & definitions

A required amount of output to be produced or delivered.

A limit on the quantity of a product that may be imported or exported.

The required number of members to be selected from a particular group in quota sampling.

The number of votes a candidate needs to be elected under a system such as Single Transferable Vote.

A sample selected to fill specified numbers of people in particular categories.

Selecting members from specified groups until a required number from each group has been obtained; selection within groups need not be random.

Selecting participants non-randomly until preset numbers for relevant categories have been filled.

A word or phrase taken directly from a text and used as evidence for an interpretation.

An exact word or group of words copied from a text.

The situation surrounding a quotation: who speaks or thinks it, whom it addresses, and what has happened. These details help establish what the words mean.

The result of dividing one quantity by another.

The result of a division. In integer division, it is the whole-number result returned by DIV.

Latin for ‘by what warrant’: inquiries requiring holders of privileges to show the authority by which they exercised them.

Islam’s central holy book, believed by Muslims to contain Allah’s direct, unaltered words revealed to Muhammad.

The animal sacrifice made at Id-ul-Adha as an act of devotion to Allah; its meat is shared with others.

A Jewish religious teacher and leader.

A Jewish religious teacher and leader who usually leads synagogue worship.

Unfair treatment of people because of their perceived race or ethnic background.

Treating someone unfairly because of their race or perceived racial identity.

Unfair treatment of a person or group because of their race or ethnicity.

Unequal treatment of people on racial grounds.

The belief that people of every racial background have equal human worth and should have equal rights and opportunities.

Peaceful, respectful relationships between people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds, based on equality and cooperation.

A false system of ranking human groups as supposedly superior or inferior, used by the Nazis to justify unequal treatment.

Judging people negatively or assuming their superiority or inferiority because of their race or ethnicity.

Treating someone as suspicious or a security risk because of their race or ethnicity rather than their behaviour.

Treating someone as suspicious on the basis of their perceived ethnicity rather than evidence about their individual behaviour.

The policy or practice of keeping racial groups apart, including in schools, housing and public facilities.

The view that racial groups should live separately, rather than together in an integrated society.

Prejudice, discrimination or hostility directed at people because of their race or ethnic background.