Key terms & definitions

A Christian belonging to a tradition that emerged from the Reformation and rejected the pope’s authority.

The political, economic and social dominance of the Protestant elite in Ireland, especially members of the Anglican established church.

A family of Christian traditions arising from challenges to the Catholic Church, rejecting papal authority and emphasising the authority of the Bible.

The sixteenth-century movement challenging the authority and teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and establishing Protestant churches.

The laying out of a dead person's body at home in ancient Greece so that family and friends could mourn and pay their respects.

A eukaryotic organism, usually consisting of a single cell; some protists cause disease.

A single-celled eukaryotic organism, meaning its cell contains a nucleus. Some protists are pathogens, including those that cause malaria.

A set of rules governing how devices communicate.

An organised set of protocol layers that work together to enable network communication.

A person or character whose resistance to women’s subordination anticipates later feminist ideas, although they belong to a period before modern feminism.

A positively charged particle found in an atom's nucleus.

A positively charged particle found in an atomic nucleus.

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a relative electrical charge of +1.

The number of protons in a nucleus; it determines the element and its nuclear charge.

A chemical change in which a hydrogen ion, $H^+$, moves from one reacting particle to another.

A forming star made of gas drawn together by gravity, before sustained hydrogen fusion begins in its core.

A model of a product or system made to test and evaluate its design and performance.

An instrument marked in degrees, used to measure and draw angles.

An instrument with a graduated angular scale used to measure or draw angles.

The background of a source, including who created it, when and where it was produced, and its purpose and intended audience.

A familiar saying that expresses a general lesson or piece of advice.

God's guidance or governing purpose in the world.

God’s guidance and care for creation. Some Christians believe this can operate through natural events rather than only through events outside normal natural processes.

An objective focused on meeting customers’ or users’ needs through the service an organisation offers.

A territory under direct Roman administration, headed by a Roman governor.

A territory governed directly as part of the Roman state.

Leaving yeast dough to rise before cooking as carbon dioxide bubbles build up within it.

The supply of a resource to meet people’s needs.

The facilities, equipment, coaching and activities supplied or arranged for participants.

A licence that allows someone to learn to drive, subject to conditions such as the minimum driving age and appropriate supervision.