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Browse key terms and definitions across all GCSE subjects. Search by keyword or filter by subject and exam board.
23,110 key terms
Physical defence
A structure or material that blocks, traps or removes pathogens before they enter body tissues or the blood.
Physical defence response
A defence provided by a structure that blocks a pathogen from entering or spreading through an organism.
Physical environment
The natural surroundings, including landforms, air, water, soils, vegetation and wildlife.
Physical feature
A feature of the natural environment, such as a river, hill or valley.
Physical finish
A treatment that changes a textile using physical action, such as pressure, brushing, abrasion or heat.
Physical force
The use or threat of force to put pressure on those in authority.
Physical geography
The study of natural environments and processes, such as rivers, coastal erosion and ecosystems.
Physical harm
An injury or adverse effect on a person’s bodily health or safety caused by taking part in research.
Physical hazard
A natural event or process with the potential to harm people, property or the environment.
Physical health
The condition of the body and its systems, including the ability to carry out everyday tasks.
Physical–human interaction
A two-way relationship in which physical features and human activities influence one another.
Physical–human interrelationship
A connection in which people and the physical environment affect one another.
Physical landscape feature
A natural characteristic of an area, such as a river, valley or slope. In an urban area, it may have been altered or managed by people.
Physical need
A person's bodily desire for sexual intimacy.
Physical process
A change that does not produce new substances, such as dissolving, evaporating or separating the components of a mixture.
Physical property
A characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured, such as density, strength or electrical conductivity.
Physical property
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing a substance into a different substance, such as its melting point.
Physical property
A characteristic of a material, such as density, absorbency or conductivity, that describes its physical behaviour.
Physical quantity
A property that can be measured and expressed using a numerical value and a unit.
Physical quantity
A measurable property, such as mass, time or electric current, expressed using a numerical value and a unit.
Physical quantity
A measurable property, such as length or height, expressed using a numerical value and a unit.
Physical remains
Surviving material evidence of a site's past, such as walls, rooms and buildings.
Physical security
Measures designed to prevent unauthorised people from physically accessing network equipment, such as servers and desktop computers.
Physical setting
The local surroundings of a site, including its terrain, water and relationship to neighbouring land.
Physical state
The form of a substance—solid, liquid or gas—under the stated conditions.
Physical state
The form of a substance: solid, liquid or gas, at a stated temperature.
Physical water scarcity
A shortage caused by insufficient available water to meet demand.
Physical well-being
The condition of the body, including how well it functions and whether physical illness or injury affects it.
Physician
A university-trained medical practitioner who diagnosed illness and prescribed treatments, usually charging high fees.
Physiognomy
The belief that someone’s character can be judged from their facial features. Lady Ingram uses this claim to give authority to her class prejudice.
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