Key terms & definitions

The study of light and vision.

The level of arousal at which a performer achieves their best performance.

Finding the greatest or least possible value of a quantity while obeying any given restrictions.

To make performance as effective as possible, helping a performer fulfil their potential.

The condition or value at which an organism or process performs best.

A value at which the measured outcome is greatest or most favourable under the stated criterion.

The temperature or pH at which an enzyme-catalysed reaction occurs fastest.

A condition most suitable for a particular biological process to work effectively.

The range of conditions in which a cell, enzyme or life process works most effectively.

The conditions under which a process functions best.

The dose that gives the best balance between producing the intended effect and limiting harmful side effects.

The dose that provides effective treatment while keeping harmful side effects as low as possible.

The pH at which an enzyme-catalysed reaction proceeds fastest under the conditions being investigated.

The temperature at which an enzyme-controlled process has its maximum rate.

The temperature at which a process has its highest rate under the given conditions.

The ideal body weight for an individual, taking account of their physical characteristics and the demands of their activity or sporting role.

An officer assisting a Roman centurion, with responsibilities that included training soldiers.

A logical operation that produces 1 when at least one input is 1, including when both are 1. Written using a plus: $A+B$.

A logical operation that is true when at least one of the conditions being combined is true.

A message believed to come from a god, often delivered through a religious sanctuary or priestess.

A person or authority believed to communicate prophetic knowledge.

A message believed to communicate divine guidance or a prediction, often delivered through a religious sanctuary such as Delphi.

The creation of poetry in performance using inherited phrases and patterns that fit its metre, rather than simply reciting a fixed written text.

A story passed from person to person through speaking or performance rather than through writing.

The telling of memories, histories or beliefs through speech, allowing experiences to be passed between people and generations.

The tradition of teaching that interprets the Written Torah, believed by many Orthodox Jews to have been given to Moses alongside it.

Accounts of the past passed between people and generations by word of mouth.

The passing on of memories, histories and beliefs through spoken stories rather than written records.

The passing of stories or poetry between generations through spoken or sung performance.

The passing on of stories and teachings by speech before, or alongside, their being written down.