Key terms & definitions

A change to a design or prototype intended to improve how well it meets its requirements.

Packaging in which the gases surrounding food are changed to help preserve freshness and extend shelf life.

A cell that has taken up introduced genetic material.

An extended family whose relatives live separately but maintain regular contact and mutual support.

A food altered during production to change its characteristics, for example by adding plant sterols to a spread to help lower blood cholesterol.

A Roman measure of capacity used for commodities such as grain; the plural is modii.

An approach in which separate, compatible units can be combined or rearranged to meet different needs.

The division of a program into smaller modules, each responsible for a particular task.

A section of a program that performs a particular task and can be developed and tested separately.

An operation that returns the remainder after division; written as MOD in OCR pseudocode.

An operation that returns the remainder after integer division, written as MOD in AQA pseudocode.

Worldly attachment: possessive clinging to people or things that distracts a person from God.

A person trained to carry out Jewish ritual circumcision.

A wavy, watered appearance produced on fabric, such as silk, by calendering.

An input component used to detect wetness or moisture content through a change in an electrical property.

The movement of water into, out of or through a material.

Spiritual liberation from samsara, the cycle of birth, death and rebirth.

Concentration expressed as the number of moles of solute in one cubic decimetre of solution.

The amount in moles of dissolved solute per cubic decimetre of solution, measured in mol/dm³.

The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at specified temperature and pressure. At RTP it is $24\,\text{dm}^3\text{/mol}$.

The mass of one mole of a substance, measured in g mol⁻¹.

The mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in g/mol. Its numerical value equals the substance’s relative formula mass.

The ratio of amounts in moles in which substances react or form, given by the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation.

The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at a stated temperature and pressure.

A salted grain preparation made by the Vestal Virgins and sprinkled on sacrificial animals and offerings.

An artificial causeway built out into water; Alexander constructed one towards the island city of Tyre.

The amount of substance containing the same fixed number of particles as one mole of any other substance; its unit is mol.

The unit of amount of substance, written mol. For a substance of known molar mass, the amount in moles is its mass divided by its molar mass.

A compound consisting of molecules in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds through shared pairs of electrons.

A formula showing the numbers of each type of atom in a molecule, but not how they are bonded.