Key terms & definitions

A framework for assessing sustainable communities through connected features such as services, transport, the economy, the environment and participation in decisions.

The removal of undigested and unabsorbed food from the digestive system as faeces.

A gas-in-liquid foam made by trapping air bubbles in an egg mixture through whisking.

An egg-based coating brushed onto dough or pastry before baking to give a shiny, golden-brown surface.

Difficulty recognising that another person may see, think or feel differently from oneself. It does not mean selfishness.

Difficulty understanding a situation from another person's perspective.

Eight interconnected practices through which Buddhists develop wisdom, ethical conduct and mental discipline to overcome suffering.

Maimonides’ ranking of eight ways of giving charity, considering independence, anonymity, willingness and whether help is offered before being requested. Its highest level helps someone become self-supporting.

Nazi mobile killing units that carried out mass shootings, particularly of Jews, in occupied Eastern Europe.

A special contribution levied on wealthy Athenians and metics to help pay for war.

A criminal offence that can be tried in either a magistrates’ court or the Crown Court, depending on its seriousness and the defendant’s choice of trial.

A pin that pushes a cooled injection-moulded component out of its mould after the mould opens.

The ancient Greek funeral procession that carried the dead person from the home to the burial ground.

Processing information by connecting it to meaning rather than simply repeating it, helping it enter long-term memory.

The time that has passed since the examination began.

The property of returning to the original shape and length after the deforming forces are removed.

A collision in which total kinetic energy as well as total momentum is conserved. Real collisions are usually only approximately elastic.

Deformation in which an object returns to its original shape and size when the forces are removed.

A change in shape that is reversed when the deforming forces are removed: the object returns to its original shape and length.

A change in shape that disappears when the force is removed, so the object returns to its original shape.

A reversible change of shape: the object returns to its original shape when the deforming forces are removed.

The ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched.

The ability to return to the original shape after a deforming force is removed.

The greatest load for which an object still returns to its original dimensions when the load is removed.

The limit beyond which deformation becomes permanent: the object no longer returns fully to its original shape when unloaded.

An object that can return to its original shape and size after the deforming forces are removed, provided it has not been deformed too far.

Energy stored when an elastic object is stretched or compressed.

Energy stored in an elastic object because it has been stretched or compressed, measured in joules (J).

The energy stored when an object is elastically stretched, compressed or bent.

Energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed.