Scientific Models and Theories

Identify correlations in data presented in texts, tables, or graphs.
Distinguish between a simple correlation and a definitive cause-effect link.
Suggest probabilistic factors that increase the likelihood of outcomes without invariably leading to them.
Explain why isolated individual cases are not convincing evidence either for or against a correlation.
Evaluate claims of causation by identifying the presence or absence of plausible scientific mechanisms.
Describe the historical development of scientific methods and theories.
Explain how established scientific theories are modified in light of new evidence.
Describe the process of peer review in evaluating and validating new scientific claims.
Utilize representational, spatial, descriptive, computational, and mathematical models to solve problems and make predictions.
Evaluate the limitations of various scientific models in developing explanations and comprehensive understanding.

What you need to know