Eduqas GCSE Geography A key terms

Sediment deposited directly by ice, containing a mixture of particle sizes and often forming relatively weak coastal cliffs.

The large-scale movement of air around Earth that redistributes heat and moisture between the equator and the poles.

A city with major influence on the global economy through activities such as finance, business and international connections.

A hectare adjusted to represent world-average biological productivity, allowing ecological footprints and biocapacity to be compared.

The dependence of countries and people on one another through connections such as trade and supply chains.

Increasing connections and interdependence between countries through flows of people, money, goods and information.

A narrow, steep-sided valley that can form as a waterfall retreats upstream.

The steepness of a slope: how much height changes over a horizontal distance.

Land around an urban area where development is restricted to help prevent urban sprawl.

Land that has never been built on.

The natural warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere because greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit some outgoing long-wave radiation.

A gas, such as carbon dioxide or methane, that absorbs and re-emits outgoing long-wave radiation, helping warm Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.

A numerical reference identifying a grid square or a more precise position within it, with eastings given before northings.

The total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders in one year.

The total income earned by a country's residents and businesses, including income earned abroad.

Water stored below the ground in spaces and cracks within soil and rock.

The slow movement of water through permeable rock towards a river or another water body.

A barrier built at right angles to the shore to trap sediment moved by longshore drift.

The place where an organism lives, providing the conditions and resources it needs to survive.

The replacement of a natural habitat with another land use, such as a crop plantation.

The breaking up of a habitat into smaller, separated areas, making movement between them more difficult.

Repairing a damaged habitat by improving its conditions and restoring the natural processes that support wildlife.

A tropical circulation cell in which air rises near the equator, moves polewards at altitude, sinks in the subtropics and returns towards the equator near the surface.

Management using built structures or substantial alterations to a river channel or coastline.

A natural process or human activity with the potential to cause harm to people, property or the environment.

A map showing where a hazard, such as coastal flooding, could occur.

The use of historical events, monitoring and information about the landscape to identify areas threatened by a hazard.