Edexcel GCSE History key terms

A small fortified defensive position, often containing artillery.

Violence and intimidation used against alleged enemies during the Cultural Revolution, including humiliation, torture and murder.

A change introduced to improve an existing institution or practice.

A movement challenging the teachings and authority of the Catholic Church, which led to the establishment of Protestant Churches.

Someone forced to leave their country who qualifies for international protection because of a well-founded fear of persecution. A person can be a refugee before a government formally recognises their status.

The ceremonial objects of royal office, such as the crown, presented during a coronation.

A person who governs on behalf of a ruler who is absent or unable to rule.

A Jamaican musical style that developed during the 1960s from earlier styles including ska.

Advice about maintaining health through daily habits, including diet and cleanliness.

Restoring a purged official’s political standing and allowing them to return to Party or government work.

An organisation established in 1933 to regulate cultural occupations and ensure that cultural production conformed to Nazi ideas.

The unified Protestant church organisation through which the Nazis attempted to bring Protestant churches under their influence, led by Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller.

Germany’s national parliament, which debated and voted on laws during the Weimar Republic.

The emergency decree signed by President Hindenburg on 28 February 1933 which suspended civil liberties and enabled the Nazis to imprison opponents.

How far information in a source can be trusted as an accurate account of what it describes.

A payment made by an heir to take possession of inherited land.

A community in which monks or nuns lived according to religious rules, devoting their lives to prayer and service.

Hostile treatment of people because of their religious beliefs, which can include restrictions, punishment or violence.

A renewed wave of religious enthusiasm intended to strengthen faith and encourage people to change their lives.

Conflict between religious groups over beliefs, authority and the spread of their faith.

The arrangements introduced in 1559 that established the organisation, authority and worship of the Church of England under Elizabeth I.

The acceptance of people practising different religious beliefs without persecution.

The period of renewed interest in learning and enquiry; in this course, the Medical Renaissance covers c1500–c1700.

An ideal ruler who combined learning, cultural interests, religious devotion, physical accomplishments and royal magnificence.

The currency introduced in Germany in November 1923, backed by the value of land and industrial assets, which helped restore confidence in money.

A public rejection or abandonment of something; Arafat’s renunciation of terrorism committed the PLO to rejecting terrorism as a means of pursuing its aims.

Committing another offence after previously being convicted or punished.