Describe the basic structural model of the atom, focusing specifically on the relative positions, masses, and charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Construct and interpret standard electric circuit diagrams utilizing appropriate conventions for terminals and standard component symbols.
Analyze the fundamental operational differences between series and parallel electrical circuits.
Understand that a voltmeter must be connected in parallel with a component to accurately measure its potential difference.
Define potential difference as the energy transferred per unit of passed charge, equating one volt to one joule per coulomb.
Calculate energy transferred utilizing the relationship between moved charge and potential difference.
E=Q×V
Understand that an ammeter must be connected in series with a component to measure the current flowing through it.
Explain electric current as the fundamental rate of charge flow, specifically detailing that current in metals consists of flowing electrons.
Calculate electrical charge by relating current and time.
Q=I×t
Understand that a closed circuit containing a source of potential difference will consistently sustain an electric current.
Understand the principle of current conservation at junctions within electrical circuits.
Explain the relationship between circuit resistance and current flow, and demonstrate how a variable resistor can manipulate this relationship.
Calculate potential difference, current, or resistance using Ohm's Law.
V=I×R
Analyze how connecting resistors in series increases net resistance, while connecting them in parallel decreases net resistance.
