Edexcel GCSE Citizenship Studies key terms

A trained volunteer police officer who has the same police powers as a regular officer when on duty.

An organisation that represents staff interests and provides support, often through consultation and advice.

A person, group or organisation affected by an issue or interested in the decisions made about it.

A legal power allowing police to detain and search a person or vehicle for specified purposes, such as looking for stolen goods. Under ordinary PACE powers, reasonable grounds for suspicion are required.

A form of industrial action in which workers stop working.

A judgement supported by relevant evidence and explained reasoning.

A standard used to judge whether an activity has achieved its intended aim.

The people or organisations an action seeks to inform, persuade or encourage to act.

A tax charged on goods imported into a country.

A compulsory payment imposed by government on individuals or businesses to raise revenue and sometimes influence behaviour.

Accepting that others may hold different beliefs or live differently without unfairly interfering with their freedoms.

The agreement reached in December 2020 which provides a framework for UK–EU trade and cooperation following Brexit.

A measure that makes trade between countries more difficult, such as a tariff or a restriction on imports.

An association of workers that aims to maintain or improve employment conditions through collective action.

The government department responsible for economic policy and managing public finances.

A formal agreement between states that creates obligations under international law for states that agree to be bound by it.

A specialist judicial body that decides particular types of dispute, such as employment disputes or appeals about benefit decisions.

A person who helps decide cases in a specialist tribunal, often contributing relevant expertise alongside a legally qualified tribunal judge.

The proportion of registered voters who cast a vote in an election or referendum.

A constitution whose rules are found in several sources rather than collected in one authoritative constitutional document.

Dismissal that fails to meet legal requirements for a fair reason or fair procedure; entitlement to claim depends on employment status and qualifying rules.

Support for maintaining the United Kingdom as a political union; in Northern Ireland, support for remaining part of the UK.

In Northern Ireland, a person who supports Northern Ireland remaining part of the United Kingdom.

A council that combines county-level and district-level responsibilities in one authority.

An international agreement setting out children's rights, including protection, education, health and participation in decisions affecting them.

The United Nations' 1948 declaration setting out 30 articles on rights and freedoms belonging to everyone.

Checks on an applicant’s background and suitability before they are approved for a role.