AQA GCSE Geography key terms

Growing plants without soil, with their roots supplied with a water solution containing mineral nutrients.

A testable statement predicting a relationship or pattern in a geographical enquiry.

A cylinder of ice drilled from an ice sheet, containing a sequence of ice layers and trapped ancient air.

An action taken just before, during or shortly after a hazard to save lives and meet urgent needs.

Rock or another material that does not allow water to pass through it easily.

Goods and services bought from other countries.

Difficulty reaching a place because of distance, physical barriers or limited transport connections.

The proportions of employment in the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors of an economy.

Unequal access to resources and opportunities, or differences in outcomes, between people or places.

The number of deaths of children under one year old per 1,000 live births.

A conclusion drawn from evidence rather than something directly stated or shown.

The movement of water from the ground surface into the soil.

Work that is not formally registered or regulated, often without an employment contract or access to employment benefits.

The basic systems and facilities that support a place, including roads, water pipes, electricity networks and sewers.

A transport network that connects different forms of transport so passengers can transfer between them and complete journeys more easily.

The temporary capture of precipitation by vegetation before it reaches the ground.

The relationships through which parts of an ecosystem depend on and affect one another.

A warmer interval between glacial periods when ice sheets and glaciers retreat.

Ridges of land projecting alternately from opposite sides of a narrow river valley, around which the river winds.

Equipment and techniques suited to local needs, resources, skills and ability to maintain them.

Variation in an energy source's output because it is not available continuously, as with wind and solar power.

Money, goods, expertise or other assistance provided internationally to support people or development.

Movement from one country to another to live.

The buying and selling of goods and services between countries.

Estimating a value within the range of the available data.

Explaining what evidence means, using relevant geographical knowledge.

The upper quartile minus the lower quartile: $\text{IQR}=Q_3-Q_1$. It measures the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

A measure of spread covering the middle 50% of ordered data, calculated as upper quartile minus lower quartile: $\mathrm{IQR}=Q_3-Q_1$.