Understand the process of meiosis in halving chromosome numbers to produce unique gametes for sexual reproduction.
Analyse the continuous occurrence of gene mutations and their potential impact on biological function, including genetic disorders and beneficial adaptations.
Evaluate how genetic variation and mutations form the foundational basis for natural selection and species evolution.
Explain the principles and applications of selective breeding in agriculture and livestock management.
Describe the methods and implications of cloning to produce genetically identical individuals with favourable traits.
Assess the processes, benefits, and ethical controversies surrounding genetic engineering and the modification of genomes.
