AQA GCSE Citizenship Studies key terms

Crime that does not come to the attention of the authorities or appear in official records.

The elected chamber of the UK Parliament, whose MPs represent constituencies. A UK government must be able to command its confidence.

Emergency assistance, such as food, shelter and medical care, provided to people affected by conflict or disaster.

Help provided to protect life and meet people's essential needs during emergencies, including food, clean water, shelter and healthcare.

An emergency, such as a conflict or natural disaster, that threatens people's lives, health, safety or access to essentials and creates a need for substantial assistance.

A fundamental right or freedom belonging to every person because they are human.

A UK law that gives effect to rights in the European Convention on Human Rights, requires public authorities to respect those rights and enables people to seek protection in UK courts.

A situation in which no single political party holds a majority of seats in the House of Commons.

A proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested using evidence.

A person's sense of who they are, shaped by their characteristics, experiences, beliefs and relationships with others.

A set of connected beliefs about how society should be organised and governed.

The movement of people into a country to live.

The difference an action makes to people, a community or wider society.

Giving appropriate weight to relevant viewpoints rather than unfairly favouring one side.

A tax paid by individuals on taxable income above a tax-free allowance, including earnings and some other income.

A candidate who stands without representing a political party.

The combination of characteristics, experiences, beliefs and relationships that makes a person who they are.

The freedom to make personal choices and express beliefs and opinions, within the law and with regard for other people's rights.

The responsibility of a minister to explain and answer to Parliament for the policies and actions of their department.

Action whose purpose, message and method are shaped by research evidence rather than unsupported assumptions.

A court order requiring someone to do something or stop doing something.

An organisation that represents people with a shared interest, such as a profession, industry or community.

Movement from one area to another within the same country.

A disagreement involving countries, for example over territory, trade or government actions.

Rules that limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting people who are not, or are no longer, fighting and restricting weapons and military tactics.

The body of rules governing relations between states, including treaties, customary rules and general legal principles.

A body through which countries work together on shared issues, such as security, human rights or trade.