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GCSE Physics · key term
The total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in a system.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 4.3.2.1, 4.3.2.3, 4.3.3.3 · Paper 1
The total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system.
Revise: Internal energyInternal energy refers to the combined energy of every particle, not the energy of one typical particle. A system is simply the object or quantity of substance chosen for study, such as the water in a beaker.
Specification 14.6, 14.20P · Paper 2
The total energy stored by the particles in a system due to their motion and their positions relative to one another.
Revise: Heating a SystemThe total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles is the substance’s internal energy. Internal energy is therefore an energy store of the whole system, measured in joules (J). It is not the same as temperature: temperature is linked to the particles’ average kinetic energy, whereas internal energy includes both kinetic and potential energy and depends on all the particles present.
The energy stored in a substance's particles, comprising their kinetic energies and the potential energies associated with their interactions.
Specification P1.2c, P1.2d, P1.2e, P1.3e, P7.1c · Paper 1 (Foundation), Paper 2 (Foundation), Paper 3 (Higher), Paper 4 (Higher)
The total energy stored by the particles of a system because of their motion and their positions relative to one another.
Revise: Heating a systemWhen the heater transfers energy into the material, the material's internal energy store increases.
The total energy stored by the particles of a system through their motion and their positions relative to one another.
The total energy stored by the particles within a material, including their microscopic kinetic and potential energy.
The total energy associated with the random motion and interactions of the particles in a system.
The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a substance.
Paper 1, Paper 2
The total energy stored by the particles of a material, including energy associated with their movement and positions.
Revise: Specific Heat Capacity: Theory and PracticalWhen a material is heated and its temperature rises, its internal energy increases. The energy needed depends on how much material there is, how far its temperature rises and what the material is. For the same energy transfer, a larger mass usually has a smaller temperature rise.
The total energy associated with the motion and arrangement of the particles in a system.
The total energy stored by the particles of a system, consisting of their kinetic energy and their potential energy due to their positions and interactions.
Define internal energy using both parts: the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in the system.
Keep particle energy and temperature distinct: temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles, whereas internal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles.
For a bicycle-pump explanation, give the complete chain: a force moves the piston → work is done on the enclosed gas → energy is transferred to the gas’s internal energy store → its temperature can increase.
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