History key terms

A Greek warship propelled chiefly by three banks of rowers.

One of the three territorial sections making up a new Athenian tribe; each contained one or more demes.

A formal Roman victory procession honouring a successful commander.

Honours recognising military success without granting the recipient a full triumphal procession.

The three foundational subjects of medieval education: grammar, rhetoric and logic.

The increase in US troop numbers in Iraq announced by President George W. Bush in January 2007 to improve security.

An agreement to stop fighting for a period of time, without necessarily settling every dispute.

President Truman’s 1947 commitment to support countries threatened by communist takeover, which became a foundation of containment.

The emperor of Russia; Nicholas II was the tsar during the First World War.

The Trades Union Congress: an organisation bringing together trade unions to represent their shared interests and coordinate action.

A variety of wheat introduced to the Plains in 1873 that grew well in the region’s conditions.

An event or development that significantly alters the direction or pace of change.

The person who teaches and guides a pupil, often individually. Alexander had several tutors with different responsibilities.

The written collection of Roman laws produced by the decemvirs, covering matters including legal procedure, debt, property, family relationships and punishment.

A statement of the Nazi Party’s political aims, presented by Hitler on 24 February 1920, combining extreme nationalism, antisemitism, economic demands and authoritarian government.

People who have migrated twice. In Leicester’s case, many Asian migrants had moved from South Asia to East Africa before moving to Britain.

A conflict in which a country fights enemy forces in two separate geographical areas at the same time.

The British policy, established in 1889, that the Royal Navy should be at least as strong as the next two largest navies combined.

The extent to which a historical site shares the characteristic features of other comparable sites.

A killer of a tyrant. Harmodios and Aristogeiton were commemorated as tyrannicides, although their killing of Hipparchus did not end Hippias’ rule.

Rule in which a ruler exercises power arbitrarily, using fear or coercion and disregarding established restraints on authority.

In ancient Greece, a ruler who gained power unconstitutionally; the term does not by itself establish whether that ruler governed cruelly.

A German submarine used to attack enemy shipping.

Foreign settlers in the Transvaal, many attracted by its gold mines. Restrictions on their political rights became a dispute between Britain and the Transvaal government.

Muslim religious scholars who interpret Islamic teaching and law.

Ireland's northern province, where Protestant Unionism was particularly strong, although its population was not uniformly Protestant or Unionist.

The organised settlement of people from England and Scotland on land in Ulster, a province in northern Ireland, during the early seventeenth century.

People belonging to the Scottish-descended communities of Ulster, in northern Ireland. In America, they were often called Scots-Irish or Scotch-Irish.

A final demand accompanied by a threatened consequence if it is not met.

Umkhonto we Sizwe, meaning ‘Spear of the Nation’: the ANC’s armed wing, launched in December 1961 and commonly called MK.